SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM RECOVERY ASSESSMENT

File: 011696_129_15_030.txt
Page: 030
Total Pages: 71






                      vomiting, and mental perturbation.      In extreme
                      situations, offensive odors can lead to the
                      deterioration of personal and community pride,
                      interfere with h@an relations, discourage capital
                      investment, lower socioeconomic status, -and deter
                      growth., These problems can result in a decline in
                      markelt'and rental property values, tax revenues,
                      payrolls, and sales."
                      it is therefore -not surprising that odor control
                continues to be a relatively high priority since these
                problems are not reassuring to the population and are
                symptomatic that the utilities are not operational.
                      The importance of odor control to the city-is evidenced
                by the high priority given to odor control and.sewage backup
                problems since the reoccupation and the directive to have odor
                under control by the Deiiember 1991 time frame which coincides
                with an. important International Conference to be hosted in
                Kuwait City.
                      The specific causes of sewage related odor   problems in
                pre-war and to some extent in post-war Kuwait City are briefly
                described below.    odor problems in the sewage network are
                caused primarily by. excessively high concentrations of
                hydrogen sulfide in the wastewater. This odorous compound is
                eventually released to the atmosphere. certain conditions are
                necessary for the formation of sulfide in the &ewers:
                      .1. Presence of sulfur compounds in the wastewater. The
                      expected concentration of sulfur compounds in a typical
                      city wastewater is approximately 15 to 30 ppm greater
in the -water supply. The    Kuwait Citv
                      wastewater, however, has sulfur concentrations well in
                      excess of what is considered fiormal.- A portion of the
                      sulfate in the wastewater has its origin from sulfate
                      naturally occurring in the water -supply. (An analysis of
                      the water supply indicates that the sulfate content is
                      approximately 60 mg/l.) Additional sulfate may be the
                      result of-sulfur containingcompounds released into the
                      sewer system by industrial customers . by the corrosion
                      of cement products containing sulfates,, or the native
                      soil may have a high sulfate content.       Normally, an
                      industrial discharge would be the suspected source of
                      excess sulfur compounds. Although an acid production
                      plant wa's identified, the quantities discharged into the
                      network system did not account   ' for the high. sulfur
                      concentrations detected. One possible explanation may be
                      that Kuwaiti oil has a very high sulfur content. Any
                      process which is burning petroleum products for energy
                      may be producing sulfur laden soot or byproducts which
                      may find way to the sanitary. sewers. Another explanation

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Box ID = BX000000
Unit = CONST ENG LABS  
Parent Organization = CORPS OF ENGS   
Folder Title = SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM RECOVERY ASSESSMENT                                                      
Subject = SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM RECOVERY ASSESSMENT
Document Number =        129
Image file name = 00000031.tif