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Subject: MEDICAL REPORT  14 AUG 90                                       

Unit: 24TH ID     

Parent Organization: XVIII CORPS 

Box  ID: BX001433

Folder Title: MEDICAL REPORTING-DIVISION SURGEON                                                              

Document Number:         17

Folder Seq  #:        456







            SAUDI ARABIA



                                      DIS           OFOPLRA'NONALIMPORTANCE,

            Diseases are prioritized in descending order of cxlxctcd impact on military opemgons I[ no preventive
            measures are taken. The order provided does not take into account possible extraordinary events such as
            periodic cfhdcniics of bi@y cyclic diseases, natural disasters, or armed conflict
                 DISEASES Wlni SIIORT INCUBATION PERIODS (USUALLY LESS 'NIAN 15 DAYS)

            ACUTE D@IEAL DI@ES (6 hours to 10 days)
                'rmnsmlssion: Ingestion of causative agents or their toxins in contaminated food or water.
                Risk Per@istxibutton- Occurs year-round, will% overall risk greatest from July through September.
                       Risk from viral etiologies is elevated from December through March, and risk from bacteriul
                       etiologies is elevated from June through October. Occurs countrywide; risk greater In rumi village
                       areas.
                Remarks: Modcra(dy endemic; although overall incidence In are major cities was dccrcasing during die
                       laic 19@, could cause significant morbidity in nonindigcnous personnel. Frequently =uri-ing
                       pothogcnsincludcentcroloxigcnicEscliericJiiacoli -@-C),rotavirus(mostcommoninchildren),
                       Shigella spp., SaLrnonelia spp. (the most common etiology In adults), and Carnpylobacter spp.
                       Sidgellosis, usually caused by Sitigella soiitiei or S. flexiicri, is common. Salmonellosts Increasingly
                       is being reported. Approximately 2.5 to 30 percent of Salmonella and Siiigella Isolates may oxfifbit
                       multiple drug @tancc.

            @RZA (12-14 days)
                 TransmissionlVcclor Ecology: Bitc of an infective mosquito (Aijol)hclcs spp.). Vector species Include
hwestern provinces, AiL sergeant countrywide
                       (except for the eastern area) wherever local conditions pcmilt br@ng sites to exis@ Ail. steplteltsi
                       primarily in the cast (between Kuwait and Oman), and Am sulxt7)ic(us In the north. All species will
                       Iced on humans indoors, and the pcri-domesuc liabits o[AtL stephensi make It a factor In urban atetks.
                 Risk Pcr@Distiibut Ion: Transmission occurs year-round, with risk elevated from October through
                       April in [tic southern areas. Risk exists up to 2,000 meters clevacion in rural and urban areas of
                       the Tihama coastal region and the Asir highlands in the southwest (@n, Asir, and Al Baholi
                       provinces). Risk in the western provinces (Makkah and Al Madinat)) Is limited to rural valley foci
                       in the Hijaz mountains. Urban arc3s in the western provinces and all other parts of the country are
                       risk free, although vector species may be present.
                 Remarks-. Formerly endemic in much of the country, malatia now occurs primarily In die Southwestern
                       provinces and western provinces.nic most intense transmission occurs in the southwest, where
                       thcannualporzLsiteindcxmayreacii2Opcrl,O()Opopulndon.Incideticemaybepailiallywcallict-
                       rclatcd,wilhlargeroutbrcaksoccurri:iginwctycars.Tliennnua(numbcroftcpottedc.tscsfias
                       declined (mm more dmn 64,000 in 1982 to 9,797 in 1988. Plasitiodhimfalcilxirrim c2uscs over 95
                       percent of the indigenous cases in tire southwest and 80 percent in the wCS4 wil)i P. tivox causing
                       nearly all die remainder. P. n:alariae once was common In Oic eastern region, and occasional
                       infections SO]] may occur. Although unconfirmed report-, indicate that drug-rcsistnnt flicilmruln
y be present in the Southwestern Arabian peninsula, none had been connrmcd from
                       Saudi Arabia as of laic 1989.

              AC= RLSRIRATORY DIS @ES (ARDS) (1-10 days)
                  Transm@n- Direct or indirect conttct with infectious dmlilets.
                  Risk PeriodfDistribtition: Occurs year-round, with risk from Influenza highest rrcjttt I)ecember
                       through February; risk from ouicr etiologies peaks In July to August (likely related to dusty
                       environment). Occurs countrywide, wi(it an increased risk in the central and eastern arm,
                       probably exacerbated by climatic factors.
                   Rexnnrks: Highly endemic, ARDS constitute the most common clinical cnitty in Saudi Arabia. Risk
                       to nonindigenous personnel is difficult to assess because detailed.infonnation oti etiologies other
                                                                      SA-4

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Document 79 f:/Week-22/BX001433/MEDICAL REPORTING-DIVISION SURGEON/medical report 14 aug 90:12179611151420
Control Fields 17
File Room = may96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-22
Box ID = BX001433
Unit = 24TH ID
Parent Organization = XVIII CORPS
Folder Title = MEDICAL REPORTING-DIVISION SURGEON
Folder Seq # = 456
Subject = MEDICAL REPORT 14 AUG 90
Document Seq # = 17
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 17-DEC-1996